How Oxygen Vacancies Speed Up Antibiotic Breakdown!

Oxygen vacancies—missing oxygen atoms in a crystal lattice—are proving to be powerful tools in the breakdown of stubborn antibiotics like norfloxacin in water. These vacancies enhance photocatalytic efficiency by improving electron–hole separation, increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and facilitating better adsorption of antibiotic molecules. Materials like TiO₂, ZnO, and CeO₂ engineered with oxygen vacancies are driving new breakthroughs in wastewater treatment and environmental remediation..

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